英文论文行为科学中对建筑与态度学术

　　在建筑学和环境心理学当中，建成环境是指为包括大型城市环境在内的人类活动而提供的人造环境。本英文论文作者认为“环境”不仅仅是建筑物和风景地貌，更是涉及物理、社会、心理学各个维度的宽泛概念。社会态度与建成环境之间存在着相互作用，学术研究需要去更多的理解关注行为科学与建筑问题二者。《世界建筑》本着借鉴西方经验，了解世界建筑发展状况，挖掘普遍规律，探索我国建筑创作之路的宗旨，源源不断地介绍国外建筑的新思想、新理论、新作品和新技术，为促进中国对世界其他国家和地区建筑的认识和研究，繁荣我国建筑创作，做出了巨大的贡献。随着我国改革开放的不断深入和中国建筑的巨大变化，《世界建筑》顺应潮流，把关注的目光也更多地投入到了中国建筑，给《世界建筑》注入了新的活力。

　　当前有很多可用于研究行为科学和建筑学理论的资源。大多数研究都集中于建成环境所带来的设计、美学、社会互动以及社会组织。当提到“建成环境”这一概念的时候，我主要是指的建筑物与风景地貌。至于“环境”这个单独的概念，我认为是一个更加宽泛的概念，它涉及到了我们周边环境的物理的、社会的以及心理学各个维度。令人惊奇的是，学者们对有关建成环境的再利用如何影响社会态度的问题探讨的却少之又少，这个问题与行为科学中一个分支——社会心理学紧密相关。态度学是社会心理学研究中的重要研究领域;这里研究的态度通常是针对现有的事物(比如议题，人和结构)。建筑物研究领域与社会心理学密切相关。建筑家和其他专业人员一定要理解下面这些问题的重要性：设施的再利用如何对人们态度的变化发展产生强大的影响，而态度又是如何随着与建成环境的互动来改变的。去理解社会态度对于正在投资或者使用某一项目工程的企业实体的影响同样重要。当前学术研究往往集中在设计或设计过程的互动，而对行为科学跟建筑问题的探讨却少有建树。

　　There are a variety of resources available to learn about behavior Sciences and architectural theories. Many of the studies focus on reaction to design, aesthetics, social interaction and social organization as a result of the built environment. When referring to the built environment I am generally speaking about buildings and landscapes. With reference to the term ‘environment’ alone, I am referring to a much broader context, one that involves the physical, social and psychological dimensions of our surrounding. Surprisingly, there is little investigation on how the reuse of the built environment can influence social attitude, a topic associated with the study of social psychology a part of behavioral sciences. Attitude is a major research area within social psychology; attitudes are usually directed toward existing objects (e.g., issues, people, and structures). The field of architecture closely relates to social psychology. It is important for architects and other professionals to understand how reuse of a facility may have a strong presence in the development of human attitude, and how attitudes change with interaction of the built environment. It is equally important to understand the affect of social attitude on the business entity, which is funding or using the project. The current studies of behavior sciences and architecture provide little insight to this topic but instead focus on the interactions to design or the design process.

　　Attitude change caused by adaptive reuse may have many outcomes. The reuse of industrial buildings may have an impact on the perception of the auto industry, the community in which it exists and a deeper impact on the ‘environment’. Detroit, Michigan is an area rich with historical data on the rise and fall of industrialism in urban areas with an emphasis on the auto industry. Historical research is important to understand the social impact of industrial buildings that have been abandoned. It is my belief that many of the industrial buildings the auto industry abandoned can be adapted for new use as research and design facilities, educational centers with tourism or training facilities that retool workers with new sustainable technology driving the future. My questions on the social impact of adaptive reuse require a deeper understanding of the architecture, environment and sciences. Can the practice of sustainable, adaptive reuse of industrial building potentially alter the social and organizational complexity of a company then the outcomes should be known so that they are more openly embraced by corporations, governments and private owners as a more favorable means of architecture. An important aspect to consider is whether there is a correlation between historical preservation and a generalized perception of a brand ple’s minds. Research uncovered with the auto industry could reflect the transferability of this theory into mainstream acceptance.

　　The research of social phenomenon regarding adaptive reuse of industrial structures deals with a range of complex subject matter. I have found that there are numerous publications and sources of information to research historical data on abandoned structures. Many sources in the literature emphasis that sprawl and its effects are a contributing factor. The effects of sprawl are both physical and abstract. Burchell, Downs, McCann & Mukherji (2005) and Chavan, Peralta & Steins (2007) are authors which have written about sprawl and complex issues that building owners, communities, architects and developers might experience during an adaptive use development project. Burchell “et al.” talks about the different “Cost” of sprawl, defining cost as an impact on resource conservation, planned growth, economic growth and market sense. Chavan “et al.” look at a range of topics that struggling urban cities face in the pursuit of land use, planning and urban design. Both pieces of literature acknowledge that sprawl has an effect on the sense of place, but they don’t discuss specifics of industrial architecture beyond the ideas that sustainable, adaptive reuse is a form of preservation or vague ideas about its contribution to the growth of ‘community’. The literature regarding sprawl I reviewed did not mention social attitude or social change in relation to the business entities that pursued adaptive reuse. This is a weakness that shouldn’t be overlooked. Adaptive reuse may help grow the community is ways but unless the primary stakeholders realize potential in the developments for there businesses they will be less inclined to pursue it as an option.

　　The concepts that form sprawl and the historic backgrounds of industrial structures do add value to the research, but equally if not more important is the literature involved in the research of behavioral sciences. Much of the existing research in behavioral sciences about architecture relates to the individual rather the masses, or at times it references group patterns that evolve from specific architecture (e.g., plazas, physical design, and parks). In sociology, however “there has been very little consideration of the built environment as a component in group process” (Lang, 1987 p.21). To understand how the physical environment affects behavior sciences dealing with adaptive reuse of industrial automotive facilities both industrial structures and their history are necessary to understand the social history and ‘spirit-of-place’ engaged with industrial structures and ownership. The literature involved in the proposed research seems divided by invisible boundaries. In reductionist fashion, each of the areas mentioned have been studied separate in some degree. I feel we need to break down the barriers and form a connection between them. When reviewed, the whole is greater than the sum of its sum parts. This concept is widely associated with the Gestalt Laws. “Because architecture is a composition of all the human senses, achieving a true design balance is a simple, yet complex, endeavor” (Lorena, 2008). By adopting laws like the Gestalt Principles into our archit

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